For centuries Wroclaw was the German city of Breslau, before postwar border changes made it Polish and replaced nearly its entire population within a few years. Its market square, one of the largest medieval squares in Europe, survived intact, and today the city is dotted with hundreds of bronze dwarf statues that trace back to 1980s anti-communist protest art.
Lufthansa connects frequently from Frankfurt and Munich, with British Airways and Ryanair flying direct from London. FareOptic compares every routing into WRO.



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A city that changed nationality and population almost entirely within a few postwar years, with a medieval square that survived it all and hundreds of bronze dwarfs waiting to be found.
Wroclaw's Rynek (Market Square), one of the largest medieval market squares in Europe, anchors a city whose modern Polish identity masks a genuinely complex and dramatic 20th-century history: known for centuries as Breslau, a major German city and one of the most important urban centers in Prussia and later Germany, the city was transferred to Poland following the redrawing of European borders after World War II, an outcome that involved the near-total expulsion of its German population and resettlement by Poles, many themselves displaced from formerly Polish territories annexed by the Soviet Union, making Wroclaw one of the most striking examples in Europe of a city whose entire population was effectively replaced within a few postwar years while its physical fabric, including the market square's colorful Gothic and Renaissance merchant houses, largely survived and was subsequently restored. This history remains a significant, if not always immediately visible, part of understanding the city's identity today.
The Wroclaw Town Hall, a striking Gothic building dominating one side of the Market Square and dating in parts to the 13th century, survived the city's wartime destruction and postwar transition largely intact, and today the square's surrounding merchant houses, restored and repainted in a range of vivid colors, create one of Poland's most visually striking and frequently photographed historic public spaces.
Wroclaw holds several hundred (and continuously growing) small bronze dwarf statues (krasnale) scattered throughout the city's streets, squares and building facades, a genuinely unique and whimsical public art tradition that originated in the 2000s partly as a tribute to the Orange Alternative, an anti-communist protest movement in the 1980s that used absurdist imagery, including dwarf graffiti, as a form of political satire against the communist regime, since overt political protest carried genuine risk while painting cartoonish dwarfs on walls where authorities had painted over protest slogans created a form of resistance difficult for the regime to meaningfully suppress or justify punishing. The tradition has since expanded dramatically beyond its original political origins into a beloved and continuously growing citywide scavenger-hunt-style attraction, with dwarfs depicted in an enormous range of costumes and activities referencing everything from local businesses to popular culture.
Finding Wroclaw's dwarfs has become a genuinely popular activity for visitors, particularly families, with maps and guided tours available specifically for tracking down the statues, which continue to be added by the city and by local businesses and organizations, meaning the total count has grown into the hundreds and the exact number changes over time, giving even repeat visitors new dwarfs to discover on subsequent trips.
Lufthansa's frequent Frankfurt and Munich service and the direct British Airways or Ryanair routes from London each offer different advantages depending on your onward itinerary and preferred carrier.
Wroclaw's tourist information offices offer maps specifically for tracking down the city's scattered bronze dwarf statues, a genuinely fun and free activity worth doing early in your visit.
Understanding the city's transition from German Breslau to Polish Wroclaw after World War II adds considerable depth to a visit, particularly when viewing the market square's surviving historic architecture.
Lufthansa's frequent service from Frankfurt and Munich reflects both substantial modern German business travel demand, given Wroclaw's growing status as a technology and business services hub, and the city's complex historical relationship with Germany, having been part of Prussia and later Germany as the city of Breslau for centuries before becoming part of Poland following the redrawing of borders after World War II.
Lufthansa from Frankfurt FRA and Munich MUC, reflecting strong German business and historical ties
British Airways and Ryanair both operate direct service between London and Wroclaw, reflecting the city's growing profile as both a popular short European city break destination and a significant hub for business process outsourcing and technology services that draws considerable UK-linked business travel.
British Airways and Ryanair from London LHR
Polish Zloty (PLN) — Poland has not adopted the euro
Polish — English and German spoken in tourist and business contexts
CET (UTC+1) / CEST (UTC+2) in summer
+48 (Poland)
WRO — Wroclaw Airport, ~10 km southwest of the city center
No — 90 days visa-free in the Schengen Area for US passport holders
Type C/E — 230V / 50Hz; an adapter is needed for US devices
112 (EU standard)
Best Airlines for Domestic & International Routes
Everything you need to know about booking cheap flights to Wroclaw, Poland
Wroclaw Airport (IATA: WRO) sits about 10 kilometers southwest of the city center. Lufthansa flies direct from Frankfurt and Munich, with British Airways and Ryanair connecting from London.
The city was part of Prussia and later Germany for centuries as Breslau before being transferred to Poland after World War II, when its German population was largely expelled and replaced by Polish settlers, many displaced from territories annexed by the Soviet Union.
Several hundred small bronze dwarf statues scattered throughout the city, originating as a tribute to the Orange Alternative, an anti-communist protest movement that used absurdist dwarf imagery as political satire in the 1980s. The tradition has grown into a popular citywide scavenger hunt for visitors.
No. Poland is part of the Schengen Area, so US passport holders may visit for up to 90 days in any 180-day period without a visa.
The Polish zloty (PLN) — Poland has not adopted the euro. Cards are widely accepted throughout the city.
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